Pediatric Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Journal Article Abstracts

• Recent Publications
  
• Prevalence
  
• Diagnosis
  
• Course and Outcome
  
• Therapy
  
• Genetics and Familial Aggregation
  
• Cardiovascular and Autonomic Nervous Systems
  
• Otolaryngology
  
• Neuroendocrinology
  
• Sleep
  
• Immunology and Infectious Agents
  
• Gastroenterology
  
• Psychology
  
• Reviews
  
• Research Methodology
  
• School Issues
  
• Other
  

Note: Several studies in this list include subject groups with idiopathic chronic fatigue, which does not meet CDC criteria for CFS.

Recent Publications

• Jones JF, Nisenbaum R, Solomon L, Reyes M, Reeves WC. Chronic fatigue syndrome and other fatiguing illnesses in adolescents: a population-based study. J Adolesc Health. 2004 Jul;35(1):34-40.
  
  
• Farmer A, Fowler T, Scourfield J, Thapar A. Prevalence of chronic disabling fatigue in children and adolescents. Br J Psychiatry. 2004 Jun;184:477-81.
  
  
• Chatterjee T. Chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis in children and adolescents. J Indian Med Assoc. 2003 Sep;101(9):544, 547.
  
  
• Gill AC, Dosen A, Ziegler JB. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Adolescents: A Follow-up Study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 Mar;158(3):225-9.
  
  
• Dyer C. Teenager seeks to overturn GMC judgment. BMJ. 2004 Feb 7;328(7435):310.
  
  

Prevalance

• Farmer A, Fowler T, Scourfield J, Thapar A. Prevalence of chronic disabling fatigue in children and adolescents. Br J Psychiatry. 2004 Jun;184:477-81.
  
  
• Farmer A, Fowler T, Scourfield J, Thapar A. Prevalence of chronic disabling fatigue in children and adolescents. Br J Psychiatry. 2004 Jun;184:477-81.
  
  
• De Sanctis V, Mangiagli A, Campisi S, Raiola G. [Chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescent]. Minerva Pediatr. 2002 Dec;54(6):631-7. Italian.
  
  
• White PD, Thomas JM, Amess J, Crawford DH, Grover SA, Kangro HO, Clare AW. Incidence, risk and prognosis of acute and chronic fatigue syndromes and psychiatric disorders after glandular fever. Br J Psychiatry 1998 Dec; 173:475-81.
  
  
• Dobbins JG, Randall B, Reyes M, Steele L, Livens EA, Reeves WC. Prevalence of chronic fatiguing illness among adolescents in the United States. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 1997;3(2): 15-28.
  
  
• Dowsett EG, Colby J. Long-Term Sickness Absence Due to ME/CFS in UK Schools: An Epidemiological Study with Medical and Educational Implications. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 1997; 3(2): 29-42.
  
  

Diagnosis

• De Sanctis V, Mangiagli A, Campisi S, Raiola G. [Chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescent]. Minerva Pediatr. 2002 Dec;54(6):631-7. Italian.
  
  
• Bell, DS. Illness Onset Characteristics in Children with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Idiopathic Chronic Fatigue Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 1997; 3(2): 43-51.
  
  
• Bell KM, Cookfair D, Bell DS, Reese P, Cooper L. Risk factors associated with chronic fatigue syndrome in a cluster of pediatric cases Rev Infect Dis 1991 Jan-Feb;13 Suppl 1:S32-8.
  
  
• Bell DS, Bell KM, Cheney PR. Primary juvenile fibromyalgia syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 Jan;18 Suppl 1:S21-3.
  
  
• Carter BD, Kronenberger WG, Edwards JF, Michalczyk L, Marshall GS. Differential diagnosis of chronic fatigue in children: behavioral and emotional dimensions. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1996 Feb;17(1):16-21.
  
  
• Carter BD, Marshall GS. New developments: diagnosis and management of chronic fatigue in children and adolescents. Curr Probl Pediatr. 1995 Oct;25(9):281-93. Review. No abstract available.
  
  
• Carter BD, Edwards JF, Kronenberger WG, Michalczyk L, Marshall GS. Case control study of chronic fatigue in pediatric patients. Pediatrics. 1995 Feb;95(2):179-86.
  Wessely S. Diagnose and be damned. Management of CFS in children is not contentious. BMJ. 2000 Apr 8;320(7240):1005. No abstract available.
  
  
• Pheby D. Diagnose and be damned. Corroboration is important when children's illnesses are diagnosed. BMJ. 2000 Apr 8;320(7240):1004. No abstract available.
  
  
• Harris F, Taitz LS. Damaging diagnosis of myalgic encephalitis in children. BMJ. 1989 Sep 23;299(6702):790. No abstract available.
  
  
• Plioplys AV. Chronic fatigue syndrome should not be diagnosed in children. Pediatrics. 1997 Aug;100(2 Pt 1):270-1. No abstract available.
  
  

Course and Outcome

• Gill AC, Dosen A, Ziegler JB. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Adolescents: A Follow-up Study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 Mar;158(3):225-9.
  
  
• Bell, DS. Illness Onset Characteristics in Children with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Idiopathic Chronic Fatigue Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 1997; 3(2): 43-51.
  
  
• Bell DS, Jordan K, Robinson M. Thirteen-year follow-up of children and adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome. Pediatrics. 2001 May;107(5):994-8.
  
  
• Rangel L, Garralda ME, Levin M, Roberts H. The course of severe chronic fatigue syndrome in childhood. J R Soc Med. 2000 Mar;93(3):129-34.
  
  
• Krilov LR, Fisher M, Friedman SB, Reitman D, Mandel FS. Course and outcome of chronic fatigue in children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 1998 Aug;102(2 Pt 1):360-6.
  
  
• Joyce J, Hotopf M, Wessely S. The prognosis of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review. QJM. 1997 Mar;90(3):223-33. Review.
  
  
• Feder HM Jr, Dworkin PH, Orkin C. Outcome of 48 pediatric patients with chronic fatigue. A clinical experience Arch Fam Med 1994 Dec;3(12):1049-55.
  
  
• Marshall GS, Gesser RM, Yamanishi K, Starr SE. Chronic fatigue in children: clinical features, Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus 6 serology and long term follow-up. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1991 Apr;10(4):287-90.
  
  

Therapy

• Lim A, Lubitz L. Chronic fatigue syndrome: Successful outcome of an intensive inpatient programme. J Paediatr Child Health. 2002 Jun;38(3):295-9.
  
  
• Chalder T, Tong J, Deary V. Family cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: an uncontrolled study. Arch Dis Child. 2002 Feb;86(2):95-7.
  
  
• Rowe KS. Double-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of intravenous gammaglobulin for the management of chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents. J Psychiatr Res. 1997 Jan-Feb;31(1):133-47.
  
  
• Lapp, CS. Management of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Children: A Practicing Clinician's Approach Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 1997; 3(2): 59-76. No abstract available.
  
  
• Wright JB, et al. Chronic fatigue syndrome. Arch Dis Child. 1998 Oct;79(4):368-74. Review. No abstract available.
  
  
• Carter BD, Marshall GS. New developments: diagnosis and management of chronic fatigue in children and adolescents. Curr Probl Pediatr 1995 Oct;25(9):281-93. Review. No abstract available.
  
  
• Franklin A.: How I manage chronic fatigue syndrome. Arch Dis Child. 1998 Oct;79(4):375-8. No abstract available.
  
  
• Marcovitch H. Managing chronic fatigue syndrome in children. BMJ. 1997 Jun 7;314(7095):1635-6. No abstract available.
  
  
• Wachsmuth JR, MacMillan HL. Effective treatment for an adolescent with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1991 Aug;30(8):488-90. No abstract available.
  
  

Genetics and Familial Aggregation

• Itoh Y, Igarashi T, Tatsuma N, Imai T, Yoshida J, Tsuchiya M, Murakami M, Fukunaga Y. Immunogenetic background of patients with autoimmune fatigue syndrome. Autoimmunity. 2000 Oct;32(3):193-7.
  
  
• Farmer A, Scourfield J, Martin N, Cardno A, McGuffin P. Is disabling fatigue in childhood influenced by genes? Psychol Med 1999 Mar;29(2):279-82.
  
  

Cardiovascular and Autonomic Nervous Systems

• Rowe, PC. Editorial. Orthostatic intolerance and chronic fatigue syndrome: New light on an old problem. Journal of Pediatrics. 2002 Apr;140(4). Full article available for free.
  
  
• Rowe PC, Bou-Holaigah I, Kan JS, Calkins H. Is neurally mediated hypotension an unrecognised cause of chronic fatigue? Lancet. 1995 Mar 11;345(8950):623-4.
  
  
• Rowe PC, Barron DF, Calkins H, Maumenee IH, Tong PY, Geraghty MT. Orthostatic intolerance and chronic fatigue syndrome associated with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J Pediatr. 1999 Oct;135(4):494-9.
  
  
• Stewart JM, Gewitz MH, Weldon A, Munoz J. Patterns of orthostatic intolerance: the orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and adolescent chronic fatigue. J Pediatr. 1999 Aug;135(2 Pt 1):218-25.
  
  
• Stewart JM, Gewitz MH, Weldon A, Arlievsky N, Li K, Munoz J. Orthostatic intolerance in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome. Pediatrics. 1999 Jan;103(1):116-21.
  
  
• Stewart J, Weldon A, Arlievsky N, Li K, Munoz J. Neurally mediated hypotension and autonomic dysfunction measured by heart rate variability during head-up tilt testing in children with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Auton Res. 1998 Aug;8(4):221-30.
  
  
• Stewart JM. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in adolescents with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome is characterized by attenuated vagal baroreflex and potentiated sympathetic vasomotion. Pediatr Res. 2000 Aug;48(2):218-26.
  
  
• Karas B, Grubb BP, Boehm K, Kip K. The postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: a potentially treatable cause of chronic fatigue, exercise intolerance, and cognitive impairment in adolescents. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2000 Mar;23(3):344-51.
  
  
• Saul JP. Syncope: etiology, management, and when to refer. J S C Med Assoc. 1999 Oct;95(10):385-7.
  
  
• Tanaka H, Matsushima R, Tamai H, Kajimoto Y. Impaired postural cerebral hemodynamics in young patients with chronic fatigue with and without orthostatic intolerance. J Pediatr. 2002 Apr;140(4):412-7.
  
  
• Tomoda A, Miike T, Yamada E, Honda H, Moroi T, Ogawa M, Ohtani Y, Morishita S. Chronic fatigue syndrome in childhood. Brain Dev. 2000 Jan;22(1):60-4.
  
  
• Goldberg MD, Mena I, Darcourt J. NeuroSPECT findings in children with chronic fatigue syndrome. J CFS 1997;3(1):61-67.
  
  

Nephrology

• Takahashi Y, Ohta S, Sano A, Kuroda Y, Kaji Y, Matsuki M, Matsuo M. Does severe nutcracker phenomenon cause pediatric chronic fatigue? Clin Nephrol. 2000 Mar;53(3):174-81.
  
  
• Takahashi Y, Sano A, Matsuo M. An effective "transluminal balloon angioplasty" therapy for pediatric chronic fatigue syndrome with nutcracker phenomenon. Clin Nephrol. 2000 Jan;53(1):77-8. No abstract available.
  
  

Otolaryngology

• Palaniappan R, Sirimanna T. Peripheral vestibular dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2002 May 31;64(1):69-72.
  
  

Neuroendocrinology

• Baschetti R. Chronic fatigue syndrome and Addison's disease. J Pediatr 2003 Feb;142(2):217.
  
  
• Kavelaars A, Kuis W, Knook L, Sinnema G, Heijnen CJ. Disturbed neuroendocrine-immune interactions in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Feb;85(2):692-6.
  
  
• Knook L, Kavelaars A, Sinnema G, Kuis W, Heijnen CJ. High nocturnal melatonin in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Oct;85(10):3690-2.
  
  

Sleep

• Stores G, Fry A, Crawford C. Sleep abnormalities demonstrated by home polysomnography in teenagers with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Psychosom Res. 1998 Jul;45(1 Spec No):85-91.
  
  
• Knook L, Kavelaars A, Sinnema G, Kuis W, Heijnen CJ. High nocturnal melatonin in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Oct;85(10):3690-2.
  
  

Immunology & Infectious Agents

• Kavelaars A, Kuis W, Knook L, Sinnema G, Heijnen CJ. Disturbed neuroendocrine-immune interactions in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Feb;85(2):692-6.
  
  
• Itoh Y, Igarashi T, Tatsuma N, Imai T, Yoshida J, Tsuchiya M, Murakami M, Fukunaga Y. Immunogenetic background of patients with autoimmune fatigue syndrome. Autoimmunity. 2000 Oct;32(3):193-7.
  
  
• Itoh Y, Hamada H, Imai T, Seki T, Igarashi T, Yuge K, Fukunaga Y, Yamamoto M. Antinuclear antibodies in children with chronic nonspecific complaints. Autoimmunity. 1997;25(4):243-50.
  
  
• Rowe KS. Double-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of intravenous gammaglobulin for the management of chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents. J Psychiatr Res. 1997 Jan-Feb;31(1):133-47.
  
  
• Marshall GS, Gesser RM, Yamanishi K, Starr SE. Chronic fatigue in children: clinical features, Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus 6 serology and long term follow-up. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1991 Apr;10(4):287-90.
  
  
• Lask B, Dillon MJ. Postviral fatigue syndrome. Arch Dis Child. 1990 Nov;65(11):1198. No abstract available.
  
  

Gastroenterology

• Corrado G, et al.: Normal gastric emptying time and myoelectrical activity in an adolescent with chronic fatigue syndrome. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998 Aug;30(4):444-5. No abstract available.
  
  

Psychology

• Smith MS, Martin-Herz SP, Womack WM, Marsigan JL. Comparative Study of Anxiety, Depression, Somatization, Functional Disability, and Illness Attribution in Adolescents With Chronic Fatigue or Migraine. Pediatrics 2003;111 376-381.
  
  
• Rangel L, Garralda ME, Hall A, Woodham S. Psychiatric adjustment in chronic fatigue syndrome of childhood and in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Psychol Med. 2003 Feb;33(2):289-97.
  
  
• Szyndler JE, Towns S, Hoffman RC, Bennett DL. Clinical assessment, management and outcomes of a group of adolescents presenting with complex medico-psychosocial conditions. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2003 Jan;32(1):51-7.
  
  
• van Middendorp H, Geenen R, Kuis W, Heijnen CJ, Sinnema G. Psychological adjustment of adolescent girls with chronic fatigue syndrome. Pediatrics. 2001 Mar;107(3):E35.
  
  
• Garralda E, Rangel L, Levin M, Roberts H, Ukoumunne O. Psychiatric adjustment in adolescents with a history of chronic fatigue syndrome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999 Dec;38(12):1515-21.
  
  
• Carter BD, Kronenberger WG, Edwards JF, Marshall GS, Schikler KN, Causey DL. Psychological symptoms in chronic fatigue and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Pediatrics. 1999 May;103(5 Pt 1):975-9.
  
  
• Rangel L, Garralda E, Levin M, Roberts H. Personality in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000 Mar;9(1):39-45.
  
  
• Pelcovitz D, Septimus A, Friedman SB, Krilov LR, Mandel F, Kaplan S. Psychosocial correlates of chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescent girls. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1995 Oct;16(5):333-8.
  
  
• Carter BD, Kronenberger WG, Edwards JF, Michalczyk L, Marshall GS. Differential diagnosis of chronic fatigue in children: behavioral and emotional dimensions. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1996 Feb;17(1):16-21.
  
  
• Walford GA, Nelson WM, McCluskey DR. Fatigue, depression, and social adjustment in chronic fatigue syndrome. Arch Dis Child. 1993 Mar;68(3):384-8.
  
  
• Fry AM, Martin M. Cognitive idiosyncrasies among children with the chronic fatigue syndrome: anomalies in self-reported activity levels. J Psychosom Res. 1996 Sep;41(3):213-23.
  
  
• Gray D, Parker-Cohen NY, White T, Clark ST, Seiner SH, Achilles J, McMahon WM. A comparison of individual and family psychology of adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and mood disorders. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2001 Aug;22(4):234-42.
  
  
• Brace MJ, Scott Smith M, McCauley E, Sherry DD. Family reinforcement of illness behavior: a comparison of adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome, juvenile arthritis, and healthy controls. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2000 Oct;21(5):332-9.
  
  
• Chalder T, Tong J, Deary V. Family cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: an uncontrolled study. Arch Dis Child. 2002 Feb;86(2):95-7.
  
  
• Jackson EL. The effects on siblings in families with a child with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Child Health Care. 1999 Summer;3(2):27-32. Review.
  
  
• Rikard-Bell CJ, Waters BG. Psychosocial management of chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescence. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1992 Mar;26(1):64-72.
  
  
• Lidstone JE, Amundson ML, Amundson LH. Depression and chronic fatigue in the high school student and athlete. Prim Care. 1991 Jun;18(2):283-96.
  
  
• Sturtz GS. Depression and chronic fatigue in children. A masquerade ball. Prim Care. 1991 Jun;18(2):247-57.
  
  

Reviews

• Chatterjee T. Chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis in children and adolescents. J Indian Med Assoc. 2003 Sep;101(9):544, 547.
  
  
• Bell, DS. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Review Focus and Opinion: Pediatrics. 1995 September/October 1(5): 412-420.
  
  
• Garralda ME, Rangel L. Annotation: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in children and adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;43(2):169-76.
  
  
• Breau LM, McGrath PJ, Ju LH. Review of juvenile primary fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1999 Aug;20(4):278-88. Review.
  
  
• Jordan KM, Landis DA, Downey MC, Osterman SL, Thurm AE, Jason LA. Chronic fatigue syndrome in children and adolescents: a review. J Adolesc Health. 1998 Jan;22(1):4-18. Review. No abstract available.
  
  
• Malleson PN. Pain syndromes, disability, and chronic disease in childhood. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1991 Oct;3(5):860-6. Review.
  
  
• Carter BD, Edwards JF, Marshall GS. Chronic fatigue in children: illness or disease? Pediatrics. 1993 Jan;91(1):163-4. No abstract available.
  
  
• Arav-Boger R, Spirer Z. Chronic fatigue syndrome: pediatric aspects. Isr J Med Sci. 1995 May;31(5):330-4. Review. No abstract available.
  
  
• Kawa K. Chronic fatigue syndrome in school children Nippon Rinsho. 1992 Nov;50(11):2606-11. Review. Japanese.
  
  
• Coovadia HM. Rheumatic fever and disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 1992 Oct;4(5):718-24. Review.
  
  

Research Methodology

• Jordan K, Kolak A, Jason L. Research with Children and Adolescents with Chronic Fatigue Syndome: Methodologies, Designs, and Special Considerations Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 1997; 3(2): 3-13.
  
  
• Breau LM, McGrath PJ, Ju LH. Review of juvenile primary fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1999 Aug;20(4):278-88. Review.
  
  
• Hume M. Chronic fatigue syndrome in children. All studies must be subjected to rigorous scrutiny. BMJ. 1997 Oct 11;315(7113):949. No abstract available.
  
  

School Issues

• Committee on School Health. Home, Hospital, and Other Non-School-based Instruction for Children and Adolescents Who Are Medically Unable to Attend School Pediatrics 2000;106 1154-1155.
  
  
• Dowsett EG, Colby J. Long-Term Sickness Absence Due to ME/CFS in UK Schools: An Epidemiological Study with Medical and Educational Implications. Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 1997; 3(2): 29-42.
  
  
• Cohen P.: School and the ME generation. Nurs Times. 1997 Dec 3-9;93(49):19. No abstract available.
  
  

Other

• Dyer C. Teenager seeks to overturn GMC judgment. BMJ. 2004 Feb 7;328(7435):310.
  
  
• Smith MS, Mitchell J, Corey L, Gold D, McCauley EA, Glover D, Tenover FC. Chronic fatigue in adolescents. Pediatrics. 1991 Aug;88(2):195-202.
  
  
• Mouterde O. Myalgic encephalomyelitis in children. Lancet. 2001 Feb 17;357(9255):562. No abstract available.
  
  

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